The New Wave of British Heavy Metal, or NWOBHM /nˈwɒbm/', was a heavy metal movement that started in the late 1970s, in Britain, and achieved international attention by the early 1980s. After Sounds editor Alan Lewis coined the term, journalist Geoff Barton first used it in the May 1979 issue of Sounds magazine as a way of describing a second wave of heavy metal bands that emerged in the late 1970s during the period of punk rock's decline and the dominance of New Wave music.[1] The movement developed as a reaction in part to the decline of early heavy metal bands such as Led Zeppelin, Deep Purple and Black Sabbath.[2] NWOBHM bands toned down the blues influences of earlier acts, incorporated elements of punk (and in the case of Iron Maiden combined it with Progressive Rock), increased the tempo, and adopted a "tougher" sound, taking a harder approach to its music.[2] It was an era directed almost exclusively at heavy metal fans[2] and is considered to be a major foundation stone for the extreme metal genres; acts such as the American metal band Metallica cite NWOBHM bands like Iron Maiden,Saxon, Motörhead and Diamond Head as a major influence on their musical style.[2][3]
The NWOBHM came to dominate the heavy metal scene of the early-mid-1980s. NWOBHM was musically characterized by fast upbeat tempo songs, power chords, fast guitar solos and melodic, soaring vocals, with lyrical themes often drawing inspiration from mythology and fantasy fiction.
Many of the bands of this era were signed to Neat Records, who have released volumes of NWOBHM compilations in later years.[4][5][6]
Contents[]
History[edit][]
The Welsh group Budgie are considered precursors to the movement for they have been cited as "a seminal influence on the New Wave of British Heavy Metal".[7] Also Judas Priest[8] and Motörhead,[9] while pre-dating the movement by several years, would later become a part of it.
The early movement was associated with acts such as Iron Maiden, Saxon, Def Leppard, Diamond Head, Tygers of Pan Tang, Tank, Raven, Demon, Samson, Sweet Savage, Jaguar, Avenger,Blitzkrieg, Girlschool, Angel Witch, Witchfynde, Witchfinder General and White Spirit. The image of bands such as Saxon, consisting of long hair, denim jackets, leather and chains, would later become synonymous with heavy metal as a whole during the 1980s. Some bands, although conceived during this era, saw success on an underground scale, as was the case with Venom andQuartz.
Decline[edit][]
The New Wave of British Heavy Metal suffered the same decline as many other musical movements. Many of the movement's leaders were unable to follow up on their initial successes. In addition, many bands moved further away from the era towards mainstream hard rock, with Def Leppard in targeting the American market with a more refined sound and Iron Maiden adopting a more progressive style. By the mid-1980s, young rock fans found a more commercial metal scene emanating from Los Angeles led by bands such as Mötley Crüe. Record companies also latched onto the Los Angeles artists over the more underground NWOBHM bands. In addition, thrash metal, another new but much less mainstream metal scene, emerged around the same time, and attracted many rock fans; stemming from NWOBHM, it was even faster and heavier.[9]
Some of the more popular bands of the movement, however, went on to considerable, lasting success. Iron Maiden has since then become one of the most commercially successful and influential heavy metal bands of all time, even after adopting a more progressive style. Def Leppard, despite discarding their earlier, heavier sound, became even more successful when they used MTV to play their promotional music videos, and thus commercializing their hard rock sound in order to help sales of their albums on strengths of singles.[10]
Subsequent influence[edit][]
Groups such as Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Venom, Saxon and Motörhead as well as many lesser-known ones, became part of the canon that influenced American bands that formed in the early eighties, such as Metallica. Metallica's early material has been influenced by a number of NWOBHM bands, including Diamond Head.[11]
In 1990 Lars Ulrich of Metallica, along with Geoff Barton compiled a double CD compilation album, entitled NWOBHM '79 Revisited, featuring bands as obscure as Hollow Ground right through to the major acts of the era.[12]
Revival[edit][]
The widespread popularity of the Internet in the late 1990s/early 2000s helped the New Wave of British Heavy Metal fans to communicate again and some NWOBHM bands experienced a minor revival. Encouraged by the success of tribute bands and nostalgia acts, many of the original NWOBHM bands reformed for successful tours and the revival was championed by Classic Rock magazine, a new publication featuring many of the original NWOBHM writers of the 1980s including Geoff Barton.[13]
Etymology[edit][]
During the first Metal Crusade Music Machine tour, Samson, Angel Witch and Iron Maiden – among others – played a gig in London on 8 May 1979. Geoff Barton reviewed the show in Sounds magazine using the term New Wave Of British Heavy Metal to coin a common stylistic element of the bands' music.
Media support[edit][]
The New Wave of British Heavy Metal existed mostly outside the world of the mainstream pop and rock culture. Magazines such as NME, The Face and Melody Maker did not generally feature NWOBHM acts at all. It was left therefore to Sounds to feature NWOBHM artists. Geoff Barton began writing features on the new up and coming metal bands and Sounds even featured a weekly Heavy Metal chart compiled from record requests at "The Soundhouse", a heavy metal 'disco' in North West London and the spiritual home of the movement. Barton set up Kerrang!, the first magazine exclusively devoted to heavy metal.
The only national radio show to feature the genre was The Friday Rock Show on BBC Radio 1 presented by Tommy Vance.[14]
List of NWOBHM bands[edit][]
This is an incomplete list of bands signed to record labels who emerged during the NWOBHM era of music since the 1970s: